Hall effects and entropy generation applications for peristaltic flow of modified hybrid nanofluid with electroosmosis phenomenon

The electroosmotic peristaltic flow of modified hybrid nanofluid in presence of entropy generation has been presented in this thermal model. The Hall impact and thermal radiation with help of nonlinear relations has also been used to modify the analysis. The assumed flow is considered due to a non-uniform trapped channel. The properties of modified hybrid nanofluid model are focused with interaction of three distinct types of nanoparticles namely copper ($Cu)$, silver ($Ag$) and aluminum oxide ($A{l}_2{O}_3).$ The mathematical modeling and significances of entropy generation and Bejan number are identified. With certain flow assumptions, the governing equations are attained for optimized peristaltic electroosmotic problem. Widely used assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number reduced the governing equations in ordinary differential equations. The ND solver is flowed for the solution process. The physical significant of results is observed by assigning the numerical values to parameters.     

Neutron induced radiography in the determination of boron in drinking water

Neutron induced radiography has been applied to the determination of boron concentrations in drinking water, collected from natural springs of Reshian and Muzaffarabad areas of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, using CR-39 etched track detectors. The technique is based upon the simultaneous irradiation with thermal neutrons of a sample of unknown concentration and a standard of known boron concentration, fixed on a track detector. The subsequent counting of alpha and ⁷Li tracks in the detector resulting from the ¹⁰B(n,)⁷Li nuclear reaction is done after chemical etching. Boron concentration in the sample is determined by comparing ⁷Li and alpha-particle track density with that of a standard of known boron concentration. Boron concentrations in drinking water samples from Muzaffarabad and Reshian area of Azad Kashmir have been found to vary from (0.054±0.001) mg/l to (0.250±0.004) mg/l with an average of (0.16±0.002) mg/l. The observed concentration of boron in drinking water has been found to be less than the provisional Maximum Acceptable Concentration level (0.4 mg//l) of WHO. The drinking water from the reported area has been found to be within safe limits as far as boron related health hazards are concerned.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Silver(I)‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes of bis‐imidazol‐2‐ylidenes having different aromatic‐spacers: synthesis,crystal structure,and in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer studies

A series of Ag(I) complexes ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ) derived from imidazol‐2‐ylidenes was synthesized by reacting Ag₂O with an o‐, m‐, p‐xylyl or 1,3,5‐triazine‐linked imidazolium salts ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) and then characterizing these using various spectro‐analytical techniques. Additionally, triazine‐linked bis‐imidazolium salt 5 was characterized using the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. Complexes 6–9 were formed from the N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand precursors 1–3 as PF₆^‐ salts in good yields. Conversely, salt 5 does not form Ag(I) complex even under various reaction conditions. Using ampicillin as a standard, complexes 6–9 were tested against bacteria strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, respectively, showing potent antimicrobial activities against the tested bacteria even at minimum inhibition concentration and bacterial concentration levels. Furthermore, the potential anticancer activities of the reported complexes were evaluated against the human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cell lines, using 5‐fluorouracil as a standard drug. The highest anticancer activities were observed for complex 8 with an IC₅₀ value of 3.4 μm , whereas the lowest was observed for complex 9 with an IC₅₀ value of 18.1 μm . Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Double Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction of pyrimidine boronic acid: synthesis of new versatile dielectrophile

The double Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction has successfully been applied for the synthesis of 5,5′‐(5‐butoxy‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(2‐chloropyrimidine) with two reactive chloro groups and an alkoxy side chain starting from 2‐chloropyrimidin‐5‐ylboronic acid and 1,3‐dibromo‐5‐butoxybenzene. The reactivity of this dielectrophile was tested by reaction with aniline and phenol, a nitrogen and oxygen nucleophile, respectively. The new dielectrophile would further provide an ideal platform for the construction of large hetero‐atom bridged macrocycles for desired properties and functions in supramolecular and material chemistry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Apparent Solubility of Ibuprofen in Dimethyl Dodecyl Ammonium-Propane Sulfonate, DDAPS, Micelles, DDAPS/Butanol Mixtures and in Oil-in-Water Microemulsions Stabilized by DDAPS

Solubility of drugs in aqueous media is a real issue for scientists and a lot of work is going on to resolve the issue. The same is the case for ibuprofen, which is a derivative of propionic acid, belongs to the NSAIDs family and has low solubility in pure water. Therefore, its solubility has been investigated in dimethyl dodecyl ammonium-propane sulfonate, DDAPS, micellar solution, DDAPS/butanol mixtures and in various (hexane, decane and tetradecane) oil-in-water microemulsions to find out a suitable vehicle. The aggregation number, size and flow ability of micelles and microemulsions were estimated using refractive index, viscosity and light scattering measurements. It has been observed that these microemulsions have a higher ability to solubilize ibuprofen than DDAPS/butanol mixtures or DDAPS micelles.     

Green synthesis and characterizations of Nickel oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Rhamnus virgata and their potential biological applications

In the present report, Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) were synthesized using Rhamnus virgata (Roxb.) (Family: Rhamnaceae) as a potential stabilizing, reducing and chelating agent. The formation, morphology, structure and other physicochemical properties of resulting NiONPs were characterized by Ultra violet spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy‐dispersive‐spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Detailed in vitro biological activities revealed significant therapeutic potential for NiONPs. The antimicrobial efficacy of biogenic NiONPs was demonstrated against five different gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 125 μg/mL) were found to be the least susceptible and Bacillus subtilis (MIC: 31.25 μg/mL) was found to be the most susceptible strain to NiONPs. Biogenic NiONPs were reported to be highly potent against HepG2 cells (IC₅₀: 29.68 μg/ml). Moderate antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica (KMH₂₃) promastigotes (IC₅₀: 10.62 μg/ml) and amastigotes (IC₅₀: 27.58 μg/ml) cultures are reported. The cytotoxic activity was studied using brine shrimps and their IC₅₀ value was recorded as 43.73 μg/ml. For toxicological assessment, NiONPs were found compatible towards human RBCs (IC₅₀: > 200 μg/ml) and macrophages (IC₅₀: > 200 μg/ml), deeming particles safe for various applications in nanomedicines. Moderate antioxidant activities: total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (51.43%), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity (70.36%) and total reducing power (TRP) (45%) are reported for NiONPs. In addition, protein kinase and alpha amylase inhibition assays were also performed. Our results concluded that Rhamnus virgata synthesized NiONPs could find important biomedical applications with low cytotoxicity to normal cells.     

New heteroleptic palladium(II) dithiocarbamates: synthesis,characterization, packing and anticancer activity against five different cancer cell lines

Two new heteroleptic palladium(II) complexes have been synthesized by reacting equimolar quantities of palladium(II) chloride, sodium 4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine‐1‐carbodithioate and diphenyl‐p‐tolylphosphine ( 1 ) or tri‐p‐tolylphosphine ( 2 ). Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P) spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The latter technique confirms a pseudo square‐planar geometry in which two adjacent positions are occupied by bidentate dithiocarbamate while chloro and substituted triphenylphosphine are present at the remaining two positions. The anticancer activity of both complexes against five different cancer cell lines (LU – human lung carcinoma, established at UIC, Department of Surgical Oncology; MCF7 – human breast adenocarcinoma, ATCC number HTB‐22?; MDA‐MB‐231 – human breast adenocarcinoma, ATCC number HTB‐26?; Hepa‐1c1c7 – mouse liver hepatoma, ATCC number CRL‐2026?; PC‐3 – human prostate adenocarcinoma, ATCC number CRL‐1435?) was determined by MTT assay, revealing 2 has higher activity than 1 . A drug–calf thymus DNA binding study with UV–visible spectroscopy reveals a higher DNA binding affinity of 2 (3.511 × 10⁴ M^?1) than 1 (4.213 × 10³ M^?1). Density functional theory studies confirm the relatively more stable nature of 2 than 1 . Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A mathematical model for bioconvection flow of Williamson nanofluid over a stretching cylinder featuring variable thermal conductivity,activation energy and second-order slip

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The significant bioconvection phenomenon with the utilization of nanoparticles encountered fundamental industrial and technological applications in...